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Fibrinolytics – Natural and Pharmacological

There are several of the most powerful fibrinolytic agents that are used in medicine and as food additives. Here is a comparison of them:

1. Pharmacological fibrinolytics

These drugs are used in emergency cases (for example, strokes, heart attacks, or pulmonary embolism) and have a very powerful effect.

Alteplase (Actilise)

  • Mechanism of action: Activates plasminogen, turning it into plasmin, which destroys fibrin.
  • Application: Treatment of acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, thromboembolism.
  • Power: Very high, but only used in hospitals under the supervision of a doctor.
  • Disadvantages: High risk of bleeding, short elimination half-life.

Streptokinase

  • Mechanism of action: Activates plasminogen, helping to dissolve blood clots.
  • Application: Treatment of myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism.
  • Power: High, but less specific than alteplase.
  • Disadvantages: May cause allergic reactions and an immune response.

Tenekteplaza

  • Mechanism of action: An improved plasminogen activator with a longer duration of action.
  • Application: Treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
  • Power: Very high, with a lower risk of bleeding compared to alteplase.
  • Disadvantages: An expensive drug.

2. Natural fibrinolytics

These substances are used as food additives or found in food products. They are less powerful than pharmacological drugs, but they are safer and suitable for long-term use.

Nattokinase

  • Mechanism of action: Directly cleaves fibrin and activates plasminogen.
  • Application: Prevention of thrombosis, improvement of blood circulation, pressure reduction.
  • Power: Moderate, but effective for prevention and mild treatment.
  • Advantages: Natural product, suitable for long-term use.
  • Disadvantages: Slow action, not suitable for emergencies.

Lumbrokinase

  • Mechanism of action: A complex of enzymes secreted from earthworms that break down fibrin.
  • Application: Prevention and treatment of thrombosis, improvement of microcirculation.
  • Power: Considered more powerful than nattokinase, but less studied.
  • Advantages: Natural product, suitable for long-term use.
  • Disadvantages: May cause allergic reactions.

Serrapeptase

  • Mechanism of Action: An enzyme secreted by the Serratia bacteriumthat breaks down fibrin and reduces inflammation.
  • Application: Treatment of inflammation, edema, prevention of thrombosis.
  • Power: Moderate, more suitable for anti-inflammatory action.
  • Advantages: Natural product, suitable for long-term use.
  • Disadvantages: Less effective for dissolving blood clots compared to nattokinase.

3. Other natural fibrinolytics

Bromeline

  • Mechanism of action: An enzyme from pineapple that has moderate fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Application: Improvement of digestion, reduction of inflammation, prevention of thrombosis.
  • Power: Low, suitable for support, but not for treatment.

Curcumin

  • Mechanism of action: An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that can improve blood circulation.
  • Application: Support of the cardiovascular system.
  • Power: Low, more suitable for prevention.

Power comparison

  1. Pharmacological fibrinolytics (alteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase) are the most powerful, but they are used only in emergency cases under the supervision of a doctor.
  2. Lumbrokinase is the most powerful natural fibrinolytic, suitable for prevention and mild treatment.
  3. Nattokinase is moderately powerful and safe for long-term use.
  4. Serrapeptase and bromelain are less powerful, more suitable for support and prevention.

Conclusion

If we are talking about the treatment of acute conditions (stroke, heart attack), then pharmacological fibrinolytics (alteplase, streptokinase) are the most powerful. For prevention and support , natural remedies such as nattokinase or lumbrokinase are better suited.