Chlorides

The role of chlorides in the body

Chlorides — Cl⁻) are important electrolytesthat:

Maintain water-salt balance and osmotic pressure.
They are involved in the formation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach.
They provide nerve impulses.
Regulate the pH of the blood (acid-base balance).

Norm of chlorides in the blood

95-110 mmol / l (depending on the laboratory).

In the urine:

110-250 mmol / day (with normal salt intake).

Chloride deficiency (hypochloremia)

Reasons:

Vomiting, diarrhea (loss of gastric juice).
Heavy sweating (sports, heat).
Taking diuretics (diuretics).
Diseases of the kidneys and adrenal glands.

Symptoms:

Weakness, dizziness.
Muscle cramps.
Digestive disorders (due to lack of HCl).
Arrhythmia (in severe cases).

Excess of chlorides (hyperchloremia)

Reasons:

Dehydration (lack of water with excess salt).
Renal failure (impaired excretion).
Excessive intake of NaCl (salty food, saline).

Symptoms:

Thirst, dry mouth.
Edema (due to fluid retention).
Increased blood pressure.
In severe cases-confusion, coma.

Where are the chlorides contained?

Table salt (NaCl) — the main source.
Seafood, seaweed.
Vegetables (celery, tomatoes, olives).
Carbonated water (contains chlorides).

How to normalize the level of chlorides?

If there is a shortage:

Increase your salt intake (if there are no contraindications).
Drink rehydration solutions (for diarrhea, vomiting).
Treat the underlying medical condition (such as kidney disease).

If there is an excess:

Reduce your intake of salty foods.
Drink more water (if there is no swelling).
Take diuretics (only as directed by your doctor).
Treat kidney failure (if it is the cause).

When should I see a doctor?

If the level of chlorides in the blood is significantly higher or lower than normal.
In case of severe dehydration or edema.
With arrhythmia, convulsions, confusion.

Important: The chloride balance is closely related to sodium and potassium — check all electrolytes together!