Fibrinogen

The role of fibrinogenFibrinogen is a protein, one of the main blood clotting factors. It is necessary for the formation of blood clots and stopping bleeding, helps in healing damaged tissues and restoring their blood supply. When the wall of a vessel of any caliber is damaged, a cascade of biochemical reactions is triggered in the blood, the final stage of which is the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. A blood clot is formed. Fibrinogen is synthesized by liver cells and is constantly present in the blood at a certain concentration. in the body

Fibrinogen (clotting factor I) is a plasma proteinsynthesized in the liver. Its main functions are:

1. Blood clotting:

• It is converted to fibrinFibrin is an insoluble protein substance formed during blood clotting and precipitating as a tangle of threads. by the action of thrombin, forming the basis of a blood clot.

1. Inflammatory response:

• It is involved in reactions of the acute phase of inflammation (increases with infections, injuries).

1. Tissue regeneration:

• Stimulates wound healing.

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The norm of fibrinogen in the blood

Group	Normal Range (µmol/L)
Adults	5–15
Pregnant Women	< 10
Children	< 5

Critical values:

• < 0.5 g / l – high risk of bleeding.
• > 7 g / l – risk of thrombosis.

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Increased fibrinogen (hyperfibrinogenemia)

Reasons:

1. Inflammation/infections:

• COVID-19, pneumonia, and rheumatoid arthritis.

1. Injuries/burns/surgeries.
2. Cardiovascular diseases:

• Atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke.

1. Other states:

• Smoking, obesity, and diabetes.

Symptoms and consequences:

• Thrombosis (PE, stroke, heart attack).
• Accelerated progression of atherosclerosis.

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Reduced fibrinogen (hypofibrinogenemia)

Reasons:

1. Genetic disorders:

• Afibrinogenemia, Willebrand’s disease.

1. Liver failure (impaired synthesis).
2. DIC-syndrome (massive consumption of fibrinogen).
3. Medicines:

• Thrombolytics (streptokinase), valproic acid.

Symptoms:

• Bleeding (nasal, gingival, menorrhagia).
• Hematomas with minimal injuries.
• Long-term wound healing.

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How do I normalize the level?

With increased fibrinogen:

1. Treatment of the underlying disease (antibiotics for infections, statins for atherosclerosis).
2. Anticoagulants (aspirin, warfarin-as prescribed by a doctor).
3. Diet:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (fish, flaxseed oil).
• Garlic, turmeric (natural anticoagulants).

At a reduced level:

1. Substitution therapy:

• Cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma.

1. Vitamin K (if deficient).
2. Withdrawal of provoking drugs.

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When should I take the test?

• Before surgery (assessment of the risk of bleeding).
• For thrombosis/bleeding of unknown cause.
• Monitoring during pregnancy and DIC.

Important: The results should be interpreted in combination with the D-dimer, INR, and APTT.

Example:
Fibrinogen 5.8 g / l + elevated D-dimer → suspected thrombosis → Venous ultrasound.